Guernica, Pablo Picasso
As we were in yesterday, our analysis will begin with the analysis of Guernica , Picasso ...
is a monumental work based on the bombardment of the German army carried out on the town of Guernica, Spain on April 26, 1937, during the development of the English Civil War. For the first time in history the attack was executed with firebombs that was only meant the destruction of the civilian population . During the episode, the city was razed by fire, many tried to flee into the woods and fields but they were strafed by planes. There were 200 dead and hundreds injured.
On 1 May of that year, Picasso began to paint the first sketches Guernica, which was completed in early June.
The Guernica is an oil on canvas, with dimensions of 3.50 x 7.80 m. Despite its title, and the circumstances in which it was made, there is no specific reference in it to the bombing of Guernica and the English Civil War. It is, therefore, a narrative, but symbolic.
is painted using only black and white, and a wide range of grays. Picasso said that the picture would not be the typical abstract painting of his time, but rather would the symbol of death, violence, brutality, suffering and despair . Monochromatic colors were chosen in order to symbolize a journal page.
Guernica shows people and animals suffering, burning buildings, violence and chaos:
Toro. appears on the left of the picture, with dark body and white head. He turns and looks stunning display to what is happening around them. When asked about the symbolism of the bull, which symbolized Picasso said "brutality and darkness" . It was also noted that the figure of the bull, as in other earlier paintings by Picasso, can in some way a portrait of the artist.
Mother with her dead child. is located under the bull, as protected by him, his face turned towards the sky in a gesture or cry of pain. Your tongue is sharp as a stiletto, and his eyes are shaped like tears. Holds in his arms to his son dead. The iconographic model of this figure is, according to critics, La Piedad , representation, common in Christian art, the Virgin Mary holding in her arms to her dead son.
Paloma. Located between the bull and horse, at the height of their heads, not visible to the naked eye, but, except for a white stripe is the same color as the background and only its outline is drawn. It has a wing dropped and the head turned upward, with an open beak. It has generally been considered a symbol of peace broken.
Guerrero dropped. In fact, only displayed the remains of the head, arm or full antebrazo derecho y antebrazo izquierdo. Un brazo tiene la mano extendida. El otro brazo sostiene una espada rota y una flor .
Bombilla. Es una de las imágenes que más intriga despierta, imagen ubicada en el centro del cuadro. Se ha dicho que ésta simboliza el avance científico y electrónico que se convierte en una forma de avance social pero al mismo tiempo en una forma de destrucción masiva en las guerras modernas . El bombardeo de Guernica pudo ser una prueba de esta tecnología.
Caballo. Ocupa el centro de la composición. Su cuerpo está hacia la derecha, but his head, like the bull, he turns to the left. Ahead of the front legs to maintain balance, as it seems on the verge of falling. At his side vertical opening a wound and is also pierced by a spear. His head raised and mouth open, from which protrudes the tongue, pointed. His head and neck are gray, the chest and one leg, white, and the rest of his body is covered by small strokes. About his work
Pablo Picasso said:
" My whole life as an artist has been nothing more than a continuous struggle against reaction and the death of art. How could anyone think for a moment that I could agree with violence and death ... In the table on which I work, I shall call Guernica, and in all my recent artwork, clearly express my abhorrence to military campaigns have sunk Spain in an ocean of pain and death "
Guernica was exhibited for the first time in July 1937, English Pavilion at the Paris International Exhibition . The entrance to the Pavilion presented a huge mural of Republican soldiers accompanied by the slogan:
"Luchamos por la unidad esencial de España.
Luchamos por la integridad del suelo español.
Luchamos por la independencia de nuestro país.
Luchamos por el derecho de los españoles de determinar su propio destino"
En el Guernica podemos ver cómo Pablo Picasso, a través de la pintura, transmitió al mundo lo que sentía ante la guerra. Su obra es un cuadro sono ro, los personajes gritan, gesticulan y mueren bajo las bombas ciegas que con todo acaban . La pintura ha sido siempre utilizada como un canto contra la sinrazón de la destrucción y la muerte en cualquier guerra . Despite the sadness that can transmit the work, the great artist left a message: a small flower in the midst of the disaster, amid the tragedy of war, who represents hope for a better future ...
For this analysis we have used the following sources:
· Ferreras, Cristina - Labastie , Alejandro - Nicolini, Cecilia, Contemporary Culture and Aesthetics, Puerto Editorial Palos, Buenos Aires, 2001.
· Encyclopedia Wikipedia Commons.
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